If your name is here, Congratulations. you can now proceed to Bronze:
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OTAOGHENE HAPPINESS. E |
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OMAMOR ESE PERPETUAL |
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ONOSIGHO PRAISE |
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OMOVIE SILVER |
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LYDIA IGWISI |
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UNIGWE HELEN |
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EGEBUNE EFEZINO CHOICE |
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OGHENEKEVWE ELOHO |
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WARRI PRISCILLA |
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AFURE HAPPINESS |
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SAMSON DORIS |
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GEORGE BENEDICTA |
OGHENEKEVWE ELOHO (1ST POSTION)
UNIGWE HELEN (2ND POSTION)
GEORGE BENEDICTA (3RD POSITION)
The following persons sat for the 1st batch probation examinations in the month of February 2024 and they all passed. You can now proceed to Bronze stage of the Fredicare CNA program.
1. Akpovire Lovena (2nd position)
2. Adakpo Victory (3rd position)
3. White Oghenereumu (4th position)
4 . Odeawareyo Bola Irene (1st position)
Visit the clinic notice board for your raw scores.
Congratulations to you all
The following persons sat for the Gold reseat examination on 17th of October 2023:
1. Ogoro Omolere Racheal
2. Olokpa Sophia
Please be informed that the above students passed thier examination with credit and can now proceed to Diamond.
Visit the notice board for the hard copy of results and scores.
You are expected to resume with your Diamond uniform on or before 1st of September.
Signed: Director of study
1. Akpoyibo Christabel
2. Akpotu Mercy
3. Gabriel Rebecca
4. Adu Rashida Evidence
5. Omimi Dominion
If your name appear on this list, you passed the probation examination. Congratulations. You can now proceed to the notice board to see your score. We hope you do better in Bronze.
Signed: Dr. Itobore Fred
Director of study
Microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites that can enter the human blood stream causing diseases.
Examples of Bloodborne
Pathogens:
Common examples include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
How do they enter the
bloodstream?
These microorganisms may be transmitted when mucous membranes or non-intact skin (cuts, abrasions, burns) are exposed to human blood or body fluids. Other modes of transmission include blood splashes, handling contaminated items, needle sticks or cuts from contaminated sharps.
What are Hepatitis
Viruses?
Hepatitis is inflammation
(pain and swelling) of the liver. Viruses that cause inflammation of the liver
are called Hepatitis viruses.
What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis means inflammation, redness, swelling, and soreness of the liver.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV):
Hepatitis B is a contagious virus that causes inflammation of
the liver.
How is Hepatitis B spread?
HBV is transmitted by sharing needles, razors, and toothbrushes.
Body fluids, saliva, and semen that are exchanged during sexual interactions
cause transmission. HBV is also transmitted from mother to infant during her
pregnancy.
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis B?
Most of the people newly infected with Hepatitis B do not show
any symptoms. Most common symptoms if present include:
·
How long do Hepatitis B symptoms last?
·
Symptoms may begin as early as 60 days or up to 150 days after
exposure to HBV. Ninety-five percent of the adults recover completely from HBV
and do not become chronically infected. In contrast, 90% of infants and 35% of
children under the age of 5 years old will remain chronically (life long) ill
with HBV.
· What is the difference between acute and chronic HBV infection?
·
If a person was infected with hepatitis B for the first time, it
is called acute hepatitis. Usually acute (short-term) hepatitis lasts for 6
weeks or less. Chronic (long-term) HBV infection occurs in minority of the
adults who were infected with HBV. In contrast, the majority of the infants
exposed to HBV will have chronic (long term) HBV. Chronic infection may last 6
months or more.
· What happens in chronic HBV infection?
·
15-25% of the people with chronic HBV develop cirrhosis (liver
damage), liver failure, or liver cancer.
· How is it treated?
·
There are no special treatments for acute hepatitis B infection.
·
For chronic infection, many antiviral drugs are
available.
How can you prevent
Hepatitis B?
Who should be vaccinated against Hepatitis B?
·
What is Hepatitis C
Virus?
Hepatitis C is a contagious virus that causes inflammation of the liver.
H How is it transmitted?
Hepatitis C is transmitted by needle stick
injury, blood, blood products, sharing needles,razors, and toothbrushes, sexual
contact with Hepatitis C infected person and birth to an infected Hepatitis C
mother.
What is the risk of acquiring a Hepatitis C
after a needle stick contaminated with Hepatitis C blood?
HCV infection is about 1.8%.
What are the signs and symptoms of HCV?
Most of the people newly infected with
Hepatitis C do not show any symptoms. Most common symptoms if present include:
What is the difference
between Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C?
If a person was infected with Hepatitis C for the first time it is called acute
hepatitis. Usually acute hepatitis lasts for 6weeks or less. Approximately
15-25% of patients infected will clear the infection without treatment. The
majority of Chronic HCV infections occur in adults who were infected with HCV.
About 75-85% of patients will continue to have chronic (long-term) infection.
What happens to chronic Hepatitis C patients?
The majority (70-85%) of the infected people
will develop chronic (long-term) infection. 60-70% of them will have chronic
liver disease . 5-20% of patients will develop chronic liver disease. 1-5% will
die because of the complications of Hepatitis C.
Is there Hepatitis C vaccination?
There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
How do you prevent Hepatitis C?
·
What is Human
Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
· Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS.
· What is AIDS?
·
AIDS stands
for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV infection causes suppression of the
immune system (The immune system gives our bodies the ability to fight
infections), which could lead to opportunistic infections and unusual types of
cancer. AIDS may not develop for 8-10 years after the initial infection. AIDS
is the final stage of HIV infection.
·
·
How is HIV spread?
·
HIV is transmitted by having sex (anal,
vaginal, or oral), blood (sharing needles and syringes), and blood
products/body fluids (semen, saliva etc) of an HIV infected person. It is also
transmitted from HIV infected mother to infant during her pregnancy or breast
feeding.
Who is at risk for HIV?
What are the symptoms of
HIV?
Most of the people newly infected with HIV do not show any
symptoms for many years. Some people may get flu like symptoms for few weeks
after becoming infected. Signs and symptoms may include:
What are the symptoms of
AIDS?
AIDS may develop over an 8-10 year period after the initial HIV
infection. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, when the immune system has
been severely damaged, which can lead to opportunistic infections and unusual
types of cancers. Signs and symptoms may include:
How long does the HIV infection
last?
There is no cure for HIV infection. Usually HIV infection is a chronic condition.
How is it treated?
It is treated with multiple antiviral medications.
What is the risk of HIV
infection to a health-care worker?
The average risk for HIV infection from all types of reported percutaneous exposure (needle stick) to HIV infected blood is 0.3 %.
How can you prevent HIV?
·
Prevention of Bloodborne Diseases:
·
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defined
four principal strategies to prevent or reduce exposure to bloodborne
pathogens:
·
1. Engineering controls
·
2. Work practice control
·
3. Personal Protective Equipment
·
4. Universal Precautions
1. Engineering controls:
Engineering controls refers to any object that comes between you
and the potential infectious material.
Examples:
Biohazard Labels:
These labels should be attached to bags or containers containing
potentially infectious materials. These labels must be fluorescent orange or
orange-red with letters or symbols in contrasting color.
Labeling of Regulated
Waste:
Regulated waste must be labeled on containers of regulated waste, contaminated sharps, on refrigerators and freezers that are used to store blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs), and on containers used to store, dispose of, transport, or ship blood and OPIMs. Regulated waste containers must be labeled with biohazard label.
Needleless Systems and
SESIP:
Sharps
with Engineered Sharps Injury Protections (SESIP), i.e. needleless sharps or
needleless systems are required to reduce the risk of an exposure incident.
Contaminated Sharps:
Contaminated needles or other contaminated sharps must not be bent or recapped. Needle removal or recapping needles must be accomplished through a one-handed technique or the use of a mechanical device. A sharps container must have a warning label affixed to it. Contaminated sharps must be discarded immediately or as soon as possible into an acceptable sharps container.
Reusable Sharps:
Reusable
sharps, including pointed scissors must be decontaminated before reuse.
Containers containing reusable sharps should be clearly labeled. Use forceps or
tongs, to remove contaminated sharps from containers.
In Case of Injury:
If you are stuck by a needle containing blood or OPIMs, OSHA
recommends the following:
2. Work Practice
Controls:
Work practice controls must be evaluated and updated regularly to ensure their effectiveness.
Hand washing:
Hand washing is the most important method in preventing transmission of foodborne or bloodborne pathogens. It is required that you wash your hands after removal of gloves and other PPE.
Cleaning Work surfaces:
The work areas that involve exposure or potential exposure to
blood or OPIMs, along with potential contamination of surfaces, must be cleaned
regularly. The cleaning must occur at least weekly or after completion of tasks
or procedures or at the end of a shift if there is a possibility of contamination.
You should use disposable towels to clean up the spill and then dispose of the
towels in a biohazard-labeled bag. Use a dustpan and brush, cardboard, or
tongs, to clean up any contaminated broken glass. Do not clean it up with your
hands.
3. Personal Protective Equipments:
Personal protective equipments (PPE), is considered a special
equipment clothing you wear for protection against hazards. PPE prevents blood
or OPIMs from passing through to or contacting your clothes or your body. PPE
includes:
You must
remove all PPE before leaving the work area.
4. Universal Precautions
Universal precaution means you should treat all human blood and body fluids as if they contain HIV, HBV, HCV, or other bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control Plan:
Each employer should have an exposure control plan describing the guidelines for employees to follow when an exposure occurs.
PREPARED BY:
DR ITOBORE FRED
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| OUR MEDICAL TEAM |
